Contractions- 1 or 2 words shortened with an apostraphe  (') (it most likely is a verb)

here's a list of them  (note: not all on the list are regulary use)

Suffix and prefix do not need to be learned for basic grammar; they just help you understand what words mean

Prefixes- a letter or word put before a word to change the quality of the meaning.

pre- (means before) preschool  preview

semi- (half) semi truck, semi sweet chocolate chips

pro- (for) pro life

there are many more: list

Suffix- a letter or word put after a word to change quality of meaning

-logy (study of) biology, geology, psychology,

Here's a list 

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A/n: pretty short... anyway english has a lot of words and rules from other european languages (german definintely and latin) (there are also asian ones in there. kudzu, karate,)