For me, writing a chapter is an arc. I first ask myself, what is the point of this chapter? What am I trying to reveal of the story, what am I revealing about the characters and the plot?

A chapter -- even in fanfiction -- should have an arc. There should be a small beginning, middle and end, which then sets up the next part of the story.

The length of the chapter doesn't matter if you follow this. This is what makes a chapter satisfying, what will leave your readers wanting more, and yet satisfied that they have gained something from your story.
You say you're worried about bogging it down with unnecessary description, telling too much or too little. That's where the *point* of the chapter comes in. Include description that helps you bring that point across. Every dialogue exchange is pushing that point.

For example, in one of my stories. The first chapter, I wanted to introduce a mysterious figure that throws my main character's life out of balance -- disturb his every day routine by introducing a character that is completely opposite of him. That's the point of my first chapter. So I throw myself into focusing on this figure. Emphasizing the differences between these characters by showing my main characters life, and then the other's character's reaction by comparison. I put details into descriptions of the figure's appearance, and by describing it, putting emphasis on how different he is from my main character. I put focus on the figure's actions and on my main character's reaction to them, because I want to show their differences. I don't, however, put any time or effort into describing the town, or my main character's best friend that he interacts with in the story -- at least not yet -- because that's not important to my point. It's not related to my main idea that I'm trying to convey. By the end of the chapter, the arc I want to convey is completed. The readers understand the difference and dynamic between these two characters -- who are now partners and have to work together. I've left them with a satisfying arc, which is the familiarization of the main character by comparing him with this new person in his life. However, I've also left them with questions throughout the chapter. How are they going to interact from now on? How is their relationship going to evolve from here, when they're so obviously different? Who is this figure who has come into the main character's life (since I haven't given any backstory to that character at all)?

Then, moving on into my second chapter, I have a new arc/storyline that builds on my previous one. My main character has a new figure in his life, and now he's learning to accept that. By the end of the chapter, it's clear he's come to a tentative acceptance (perhaps not all of the way, but he's getting there).

In the third, the main character finally starts to the learn a little bit more about the new person in his life, finally comes to the conclusion that he cares. And that scares him. In the fourth chapter that fear is proved correct, when the new figure -- the stability he's gained from them -- is threatened to be taken away. As a result, he distances himself.

And so on and so forth. By understanding what you want to achieve with your chapter to help reveal character in the context of the story, and then brings the plot forward. That's why people say that the length of the story doesn't matter, whether it's 500 words or 10k. If you can manage that arc, convey your point, your readers will most definitely be satisfied.

Hope this helps! Feel free to ask me if you have questions ^^

To be honest, I also mostly just write short chapters (when compared to others). Since I'm more of a visual person, I try to incorporate that in my writing to make my readers hopefully get a clear visual on what I'm talking about. For example, I describe the process in which a person does something instead of just saying what he did. Kind of like describing what they felt, how they were able to accomplish a task, etc. and not just saying this is what he did.

I don't know if this is what you meant but hopefully it somewhat helped. ><

Do you mind rephrasing your inquiry? I'm not completely confident that I understood your point.