I really didn't realize that there are so many Chinese equivalents of the terms, "sunbae" & "hoobae", until I started listing them recently (and thanks to LHVP_cute for kindly pointing it out).  O___O"

In case anyone is curious (and better yet, wants to start a cpop or c-ent fanfic), here are the equivalents and their usage (please do kindly point out if you see any inaccuracy here):

Sunbae (Korean), Senpai (Japanese), Senior (roughly translated):

Qianbei (前輩) - this is probably the term that sunbae and senpai derived from as they sound the closest, phonetically-speaking (also, Japanese use the same kanji).  This term can be used in most settings.  

Xuezhang (學長) - refers generally to older male students in school (or older male alumni who graduated from the same school as you).

Xuejie (學姐) - female version of xuezhang (學長). 

Shixiong (師兄) - usually older male (or sometimes could be someone younger with more seniority) who practice in the same martial arts school/sect as you.  This term is also commonly used amongst co-workers in occupations/fields such as police, firemen, and etc.

Shijie (師姐) - female version of Shixiong (師兄).

Hoobae (Korean), Kohai (Japanese), Junior (roughly translated):

Houbei (後輩) - like qianbei (前輩), this is probably the term that hoobae and kohai derived from as they sound phonetically the closest. This term can be used in most settings (aka pretty much the same function as hoobae and kohai).

Xuedi (學弟) - younger male students in school (or younger male alumni who graduated from the same school as you).

Xuemei (學妹) - female version of Xuedi (學弟).

Shidi (師弟) - usually younger male (or sometimes could be someone older who doesn't have as much seniority as you) who practice in the same marital arts school/sect as you.  Like, Shixiong (師兄) and Shijie (師姐), this is also commonly used amongst co-workers in occupations/fields such as police, firemen, and etc.

Shimei (師妹) - female version of Shidi (師弟).

Sometimes, I think it's because there are so many Chinese variations of sunbae/hoobaes (also, senpai/kohai) that there isn't much uniformity to be found for English subtitles of Chinese dramas.