Hello~ I've been getting a lot of messages asking about how to read / write Korean in an easier way so I decided to create a blog post (my first blog post ever!) on it! I hope it helps. It's only for reading & writing - not understanding or anything like that - and it's not too difficult hopefully. 

So let's get started!

So in Korean there are TWO alphabets, which can be considered as consonant sounds and vowel sounds.
A syllable must ALWAYS contain at least one consonant sound and one vowel sound, but there may be a combination of a consonant, vowel, and another consonant, or occasionally more consonant sounds.

CONSONANT SOUNDS(if you use the keyboard, they are all on the LEFT side of the keyboard)
ㄱ: G (as in 'gas' not 'gym') with a hint of a K sound mixed in
ㄲ: KK (sort of like the 'ch' sound in 'sCHism')
ㄴ: N 
ㄷ: D with a hint of T sound mixed in
ㄸ: DD/TT (sort of like the 'tt' sound in 'stuTTer'')
ㄹ: L / R (it's a mix)
ㅁ: M
ㅂ: B with a hint of P sound mixed in
ㅃ: BB/PP (like in aPPa, common Korean word for dad)
ㅅ: a soft, breathy S sound (doesn't exist in English)
ㅆ: S (the one that exists in English as in the S sound in 'soft')
ㅇ: -- (empty consonant, for syllables that begin with vowel sounds like AH, OH, OOH, or Y and W sounds)
ㅈ: J with a hint of CH mixed in
ㅉ: JJ (it's like in between J and CH)
ㅊ: CH  
ㅋ: K
ㅌ: T
ㅍ: P
ㅎ: H

VOWEL SOUNDS(RIGHT side of keyboard)
ㅏ: AH
ㅑ: YAH
ㅓ: UH
ㅕ: YUH
ㅗ: OH
ㅛ: YOH
ㅜ: OOH
ㅠ: YOO
ㅡ: EU (sort of like the E sound in 'suddEn')
ㅣ: EE

It gets a little more complicated because you can combine vowel sounds with each other to create more vowel sounds.
ㅏ + ㅣ = ㅐ which is pronounced EH
there is also ㅓ + ㅣ = ㅔ which has the same pronunciation of EH 
You have to memorize when to use which EH sound... 
ㅜ + ㅣ = ㅟ which is OOH + EE = WEE (can you hear the merge of sounds?)
ㅗ + (ㅏ + ㅣ) = ㅙ which is OH + EH = WEH (sort of like math with sounds!)
there's more combinations, but I'll just leave it as that for now.

So how you would make complete syllable sounds is just by adding a consonant sound and a vowel sound together:
if you want to write Dad which is 아빠 (APPA)
Then you split it into syllables: AH and PPA
1) AH = ㅇ + ㅏ = 아
the ㅇ is empty consonant and ㅏ is 'AH'
2) PPA = ㅃ + ㅏ = 빠
ㅃ is PP and ㅏ is 'AH'

Not too hard right?

And then you have syllable sounds that end don't have open-ended vowel sounds.
If you want to write Mom which is 엄마 (UMMA)
Then it is the syllable sounds UM and MA. Same procedure:
1) UM = ㅇ + ㅓ + ㅁ = 엄 
You add another consonant because the syllable ends in a closed consonant sound.
2) MA = ㅁ + ㅏ = 마
 

And there are words that contain a consonant and two vowel sounds:
like Why? is 왜? (WEH)
very simply, it is the empty consonant ㅇ because it begins with a W sound
and then there's the WEH sound = ㅗ + (ㅏ+ㅣ) = ㅙ
ㅇ + ㅙ = 왜

And then there are slightly more complicated cases where syllables are created with a consonant, vowel(s), and two more consonants (never any more than two)
for example the verb 'to read' is 읽다, pronounced sort of like EELG-DAH.
the importance of these double consonants come when there is a syllable beginning with ㅇ that comes right after it, as in 읽어. (the 어 comes after ㄺ)
then instead of pronounced 어 as 'UH', it takes the second consonant sound (in this case, ㄱ)
and you don't pronounce 읽어 as EELG-UH, it is pronounced EEL-GUH. 
(This is around as hard as it gets... so don't be too concerned if you're not catching on 100%)

There are other special cases, but you learn as you go! So I'll keep it simple up to there.

Practice (using common phrases/words!)

1. Hello
안녕하세요: AHN-NYEONG-HA-SAE-YO

2. What?
뭐?: MWUH
(it is NOT bwoh, or all that other weird romanization you see online)

3. Where?
어디?: UH-DEE 

4. Who?
누구?: NOO-GOO 

5. Boyfriend 
남자친구: NAM-JAH-CHIN-GOO

6. Bathroom
화장실: HWA-JANG-SHIL 

7. Really?
진짜?: JIN-JJA 

8. No
아니(요) : AH-NI (YO)
the 요 makes it formal.

9. Yes
네 (formal): NEH 
(it is NOT deh... I don't know where people are getting these romanizations from)
응 (informal): EUNG

10. Please give me __________
___________ 주세요: ____________ JU-SEH-YO

There's a few more rules to keep in mind. These consonants, when at the end of a syllable, make a T sound (unless followed by a syllable beginning with ㅇ)
11. ㅊ
꽃 (flower) isn't pronounced KKOTCH, it's pronounced KKOT.
but 꽃이 = KKO-CHI

12: ㅈ
찾다 (to look for)
it's not CHAJ-DAH. It's CHAT-DAH 
but 찾았다 (to have found something) is CHA-JAT-DAH

13. ㅆ
잤다 (to have slept)
it's not JASS-DAH, it's JAT-DAh
but 짰어요 (I/someone slept) is JAH-SSUH-YO

I'm not sure if this was much help or maybe it was just way too long... But I'll add / edit as I go~
And feel free to ask questions still~ I just didn't want to constantly rexplain the alphabets (it's so long ㅠㅠ)

ㅠㅠ is crying face by the way, if you didn't know already hehe.

If you want to know translations to things or common cultural aspects, then I'll be glad to help ^o^

Happy Korean Learning~

-- exoism